# Train Resnet50 on ImageNet with PyTorchedit

Without further due, here is a one pager code for training Resnet50 on ImageNet in PyTorch:

import torch
import torchvision
import torchvision.transforms as transforms

# Set device
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")

# Set hyperparameters
num_epochs = 10
batch_size = 64
learning_rate = 0.001

# Initialize transformations for data augmentation
transform = transforms.Compose([
transforms.Resize(256),
transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
transforms.RandomVerticalFlip(),
transforms.RandomRotation(degrees=45),
transforms.ColorJitter(brightness=0.5, contrast=0.5, saturation=0.5, hue=0.5),
transforms.CenterCrop(224),
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize([0.485, 0.456, 0.406], [0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
])

# Load the ImageNet Object Localization Challenge dataset
train_dataset = torchvision.datasets.ImageFolder(
root='/kaggle/input/imagenet-object-localization-challenge/ILSVRC/Data/CLS-LOC/train',
transform=transform
)

model = torchvision.models.resnet50(pretrained=True)

# Parallelize training across multiple GPUs
model = torch.nn.DataParallel(model)

# Set the model to run on the device
model = model.to(device)

# Define the loss function and optimizer
criterion = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()

# Train the model...
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
# Move input and label tensors to the device
inputs = inputs.to(device)
labels = labels.to(device)

# Zero out the optimizer

# Forward pass
outputs = model(inputs)
loss = criterion(outputs, labels)

# Backward pass
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()

# Print the loss for every epoch
print(f'Epoch {epoch+1}/{num_epochs}, Loss: {loss.item():.4f}')

print(f'Finished Training, Loss: {loss.item():.4f}')


This code will train Resnet50 model on the ImageNet dataset for 10 epochs using ADAM optimizer with a learning rate of 0.001. The model is trained on GPU if available, otherwise it is trained on CPU.

Note that the code is adjusted to run with ImageNet Object Localization Challenge on Kaggle. You may check some results in the notebook Train Resnet50 on Imagenet with PyTorch.

## Expanded explanation of each training step

### Import the necessary PyTorch modules:

import torch
import torchvision
import torchvision.transforms as transforms

• torch provides tensors and basic mathematical operations
• torchvision provides utilities for loading and preprocessing image data
• torchvision.transforms is a submodule of torchvision that provides functions for performing image preprocessing

### Set the device to use for training:

device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")


This line sets the device variable to “cuda” if a GPU is available, otherwise it sets it to “cpu”. The model and tensors will be moved to this device later in the code.

### Prepare transformations for data augmentation

transform = transforms.Compose([
transforms.Resize(256),
transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
transforms.RandomVerticalFlip(),
transforms.RandomRotation(degrees=45),
transforms.ColorJitter(brightness=0.5, contrast=0.5, saturation=0.5, hue=0.5),
transforms.CenterCrop(224),
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize([0.485, 0.456, 0.406], [0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
])


This block of code makes up the set of transformations that will be applied during training. In particular, the transforms.Normalize takes two arguments:

• [0.485, 0.456, 0.406] - the mean of the data along each channel (i.e., the red, green, and blue channels for an image).
• [0.229, 0.224, 0.225] - the standard deviation of the data along each channel.

These exact values are used for normalizing data that has been pre-trained on the ImageNet dataset. They are based on the statistics of the ImageNet dataset, which consists of a large number of natural images.

train_dataset = torchvision.datasets.ImageFolder(
root='/kaggle/input/imagenet-object-localization-challenge/ILSVRC/Data/CLS-LOC/train',
transform=transform
)


This line loads ImageNet dataset in Kaggle’s format and applies all transformations defined above.

### Create a dataloader for the dataset:

train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True, num_workers=2)


The torch.utils.data.DataLoader function creates a dataloader for the dataset. The batch_size parameter specifies the number of samples per batch, the shuffle parameter specifies whether to shuffle the data at each epoch, and the num_workers parameter specifies the number of worker threads to use for loading the data

A rule of thumb for the number of workers is the number of CPU cores minus 1 for controlling processes os.cpu_count() or multiprocessing.cpu_count() can help with this.

model = torchvision.models.resnet50(pretrained=True)


This line uses the torchvision.models.resnet50 function to load the Resnet50 model, with the pretrained parameter set to True to use the pretrained weights.

### Parallelize training across multiple GPUs

model = torch.nn.DataParallel(model)


torch.nn.DataParallel wraps a model and splits the input across available GPUs, then it replicates the model on each GPU. The model is then run in parallel on each GPU, with the results from each GPU being collected and concatenated together. Normally this significantly speeds up training process, especially for large models on GPUs with a high number of parallel processing cores.

### Move the model to the device:

model.to(device)


This line moves the model and its parameters to the device specified earlier.

### Set the loss function and optimizer:

criterion = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()


The torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss function creates a cross entropy loss criterion, which is commonly used for classification tasks. The torch.optim.Adam function creates an Adam optimizer with the specified learning rate. The model.parameters() method returns a list of the model’s trainable parameters, which the optimizer will adjust during training.

### Train the model:

for epoch in range(num_epochs):
# Move input and label tensors to the device
inputs = inputs.to(device)
labels = labels.to(device)

# Zero out the optimizer

# Forward pass
outputs = model(inputs)
loss = criterion(outputs, labels)

# Backward pass
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()

# Print the loss for every epoch
print(f'Epoch {epoch+1}/{num_epochs}, Loss: {loss.item():.4f}')


This block of code trains the model for 10 epochs. An epoch is a complete pass through the training data.

In each epoch, the code iterates over the dataloader, which yields batches of inputs and labels. The inputs and labels are moved to the device, and the gradients are zeroed using the optimizer.zero_grad() method.

During training process, gradients of the model's parameters are computed using backpropagation, which involves propagating the loss gradient back through the model's layers to compute the gradients of the model's parameters. These gradients are used to update model's parameters using the optimizer's update rule.

However, if you don't zero gradients before each training step, gradients will accumulate and the update rule will be based on the sum of the gradients over all previous training steps. This can cause the model's parameters to oscillate or diverge, leading to poor convergence and potentially poor model performance.

By calling optimizer.zero_grad() before each training step, you reset the gradients of the model's parameters to zero, ensuring that the update rule is based only on the gradients of the current training step.

Next, the model performs a forward pass on the inputs, producing output logits. The loss is then computed using output logits and labels, and the model’s gradients are computed using the loss.backward() method. Finally, the optimizer takes a step to update the model’s parameters using gradients.

## Training environment with Docker

FROM pytorch/pytorch

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
wget \
unzip

# Copy Kaggle credentials
RUN mkdir -p /root/.kaggle

# Rememeber to join competition https://www.kaggle.com/c/imagenet-object-localization-challenge
RUN pip install -q kaggle
RUN unzip imagenet-object-localization-challenge.zip -d imagenet-object-localization-challenge

# Available at the path /root/.cache/torch/
RUN python -c "import torchvision; model = torchvision.models.resnet50(pretrained=True)"

# Copy the code
COPY resnet50.py /app/

# Set the working directory
WORKDIR /app

# Run the code
CMD ["python", "resnet50.py"]


This Dockerfile is based on pytorch/pytorch image, which provides all necessary dependencies for running PyTorch programs with GPU acceleration.

The Dockerfile installs wget and unzip utilities, which are needed to download the ImageNet dataset. It then downloads the dataset and extracts images to the imagenet-object-localization-challenge directory.

Next, the Dockerfile copies resnet50.py file, which should contain the code for training the ResNet50 model, to the /app directory. It then sets the working directory to /app and specifies that the python resnet50.py command should be run when the container is started.

It is important to note that you have to provide your own secret in kaggle.json file to be able to download locally the data from ImageNet Object Localization Challenge on Kaggle. Here is the local directory structure

➜  2022-12-18-one-pager-training-resnet-on-imagenet git:(master) ✗ tree
.
├── .gitignore
├── Dockerfile
├── kaggle.json
├── resnet50.py


To build the Docker container, you can run the following command:

docker build -t resnet50 .


This will build the Docker container and tag it with the name “resnet50”.

To run the container, you can use the following command:

docker run --gpus all -it resnet50


This will run the container with access to all available GPUs and start the container in interactive mode.

This will start the training of the ResNet50 model on the ImageNet dataset. You should see the running loss printed to the console as the training progresses.

I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any questions.

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